KBD undertook a series of hydrological surveys covering the Trojena region in the northwest of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) aimed at identifying groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) and evaluating the impact of ongoing and planned construction works on such ecosystems.
The surveys covered an area of over 26 km² and included geological mapping, collection and analyses of water samples for isotopic and nutrient content. Key GDEs were mapped in detail and visited seasonally, and we carried out numerical groundwater modelling to support a conceptual model for each site. Using the outputs from the study, KBD developed a catchment study.
This study set out science-backed buffer zones to protect the GDEs from development pressures.
Science-based mapping and modelling protect Trojena’s groundwater-dependent habitats, ensuring development avoids impacts on sensitive ecosystems.
Environmental and social safeguards integrated from early concept through to construction, reducing risk to sensitive groundwater-dependent ecosystems.
Decision-Grade EvidenceRobust, QA/QC-driven analyses, ESIA-ready templates, and GIS-enabled outputs that provide confidence for planning, approvals, and long-term management.
Future-Ready DataReusable baselines and structured datasets that support ongoing monitoring, adaptive management, and continuous improvement as development progresses.
With a multidisciplinary team of over 150 professionals KBD combines local talent with global experts under one roof. Our mission is to drive transformative change and help achieve the nation’s Vision 2030 by providing strategic, science-backed solutions.
